Arafura Rare Earths Limited explores for and develops mineral properties in Australia. It focuses on the production of rare earth products, such as neodymium-praseodymium and mixed middle-heavy rare earths oxides. The company's principal property is the Nolans project, a rare earths-phosphate-uranium-thorium deposit that supplies neodymium and praseodymium products located in Northern Territory, Australia.

It also engages in mining and associated infrastructure, and social and environmental feasibility evaluations. The company was formerly known as Arafura Resources Limited and changed its name to Arafura Rare Earths Limited in October 2022. Arafura Rare Earths Limited was incorporated in 1997 and is based in Perth, Australia.